The American Civil War, Wars, And Rumors Of Wars - 1183 Words

The American Civil War Wars, Wars and rumors of wars!!!! Everyone knows the United States has had its fair share of wars. Let me start by giving you a brief list of wars the United States has participated in according to Wikipedia. Both â€Å"Barbary Wars (1801-1805, 1815-1816), Wars of 1812, Mexican-American War (1846-48), American Civil War (1861-65), Indian War (1865-91), Spanish-American War( 1898), Philippine-American War (1899-1902) Border War(Mexican Revolutionary)1910-1919, World War I (1917-18), World War II( 1941-45), Cold War (1947-1991), Korean War( 1950-53), Vietnam War (1964-1975), Persian Gulf War (1990-91), and of course the War on Terrorism (2001-present).† And that’s just the major wars. Out of all of these wars the one that I will discuss is the American Civil War. First, I will enlighten you on why I chose the American Civil War. Next, I will expound upon the reason that commenced the American Civil War. Last, I will inform you on what the after-effects were from the Amer ican Civil War. The American Civil War just might be one of the most historic and significant wars for the United States of America’s history. Some might say well what about the American Revolutionary War? Well then let me help you distinguish the difference between American Revolutionary War and the American Civil War. The American Revolutionary War was the battle between Great Britain and thirteen of its North American colonies, which had proclaimed themselves the independent UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Poster, By Judith Giesberg1574 Words   |  7 Pagesencouraging women to work in defense industry left by enlisted males and suggesting that females are not isolated from total wars. However, women’s â€Å"intrusion† into the long-assumed male spaces began much earlier than the birth of that poster. Judith Giesberg’s Army at Home demonstrates that the Civil War allowed American women to traverse the social boundaries that reserved wars for males and hom e for females. Instead, marginalized working-class, rural, minority, or immigrant women actively defiedRead MoreThe Civil War Was The Emancipation Of Enslaved Populations917 Words   |  4 Pagesmost significant outcome of the Civil War was the emancipation of enslaved populations. Discuss some the ways they entered free society and their treatment both good and bad. The American Civil War started in 1861 and it was a war fought within the United States of America between the Union, which was the North, and the Confederacy, which was the South. The war ended in 1865, which was only a 4-year war, however it was one of the most destructive events in American history costing approximately 620Read MoreEssay about Stephen Crane and The Civil War895 Words   |  4 PagesStephen Crane and The Civil War One year after the publication of The Red Badge of Courage Crane released a continuation to the narrative in the form of a short story.   â€Å"The Veteran† characterizes an elderly Henry Fleming who recalls his first exposure to the experience of war.   Of the battle he remembers, â€Å"That was at Chancellorsville† (Crane 529-531).   While Crane never explicitly states the name of the battle in The Red Badge, the incidents mentioned in â€Å"The Veteran† indicate that the protagonistRead More The Red Badge Of Courage -- Essay847 Words   |  4 Pages The Red Badge of Courage Time Period The Civil War officially started in 1861, yet problems between the North and the South date back as far as the early 1830s. The North was infuriated over slavery after a woman by the name of Harriet Beecher Stowe published her book Uncle Toms Cabin. Stowes book analyzed the life of a slave in an astonishing and realistic way. It caused many people to join the Union. Then the war began in July of 1861 when a Confederate army met with a Federal army at ManassenRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Home Front1652 Words   |  7 Pages During the American Civil War, the Confederate home front faced many challenges as the war progressed. While the soldiers of the Confederacy went off to fight in the war, daily life of the Confederacy had to continue. The Confederate community of Richmond, Virginia is an example of a Confederate community that had to continue with the grinds of everyday life. The Daily Richmond Enquirer is a great source to use to understand the events and attitudes of d aily life in Richmond. During the month ofRead MoreChapter 22 Apush Key Terms1694 Words   |  7 Pagesintended to last for one year after the end of the Civil War. At the end of the war, the Bureaus main role was providing emergency food, housing, and medical aid to refugees, though it also helped reunite families. Later, it focused its work on helping the freedmen adjust to their conditions of freedom. Its main job was setting up work opportunities and supervising labor contracts. 8. Exodusters Was a name given to African Americans who left the south[Kansas] in 1879 and 1880. AfterRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg : Why Was It A Turning Point?1361 Words   |  6 PagesWas It a Turning Point? â€Å"Death created the modern American union, not just by ensuring national survival, but by shaping enduring national structures and commitments. The work of death was Civil War America s most fundamental and most demanding undertaking†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Drew Gilpin Faust. Death in the Civil War was indeed a principle in creating the America we know and love today. This was the bloodiest war in United States military history. Within the war was the Battle of Gettysburg, a battle that was engulfedRead MoreBiological Warfare And The American Civil War831 Words   |  4 Pagesor plants.† (Britannica Online Encyclopedia). As far back as the American Civil War, allegations have been made regarding the use of biological weapons. During the Civil War, both sides accused the other of using the smallpox virus to cause disease among enemy forces. (Hooker, MD, emedicinehealth.com 2014). China, the Soviet Union and North Korea accused the U.S. of using biological warfare against them during the Korean War. They accused the U.S. of biological attacks that caused strangeRead MoreThe Neutrality of Analyzing History784 Words   |  4 Pagespoints from both sides and take the position between the two, they can then describe the history neutrally. To help substantiate that historical fact can actually be described in neutral tone, two effective examples below, which are the Korean War and the Vietnam War, could provide sufficient justification. An unbiased description of any historical event should consist of objectivity, or neutrality. The term â€Å"neutral† can be used in various aspects for different purposes: â€Å"neutron† as the non-chargedRead MoreLittle Bit ( Mis ) Judged1472 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressed the Civil Rights at the right time, but at the same time his War on Poverty left unanswered problems. His foreign affair was dominated by the horrid Vietnam War, but he also played a part for the CIA-supported coup d’etats that resulted in deaths of thousands of innocent people all over the world. In addition, Johnson did not show strong, powerful traits that most presidents should have while he was in office. One major thing that Johnson gets credit for is addressing the civil rights. He

The Biology Behind Type 2 Diabetes Essay - 1609 Words

Introducing questions†¦ 1. Main question: Why do Maori/Pacific islanders, have a greater chance of getting diabetes than all other cultures in New Zealand? -Maori and PI communities are 3 times more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than other New Zealanders? I believe this is linked to the high obesity and heart disease rates in our communities. Other questions†¦ 2: Why is type 2 diabetes an issue in our community? -this is an issue as it gives your town a bad rep, affects families as they will have to pay your fees for your treatment which is really bad as families in our communities can barely afford normal and healthy food. 3. What is the biology behind type 2 diabetes? - Type 2 Diabetes occurs when your pancreas does not produce enough insulin and your body is resistant to the insulin that is produced. Paragraphs on question 2 3†¦. 1. Why is type 2 diabetes an issue in our community? -Why? Type 2 diabetes is a major issue that’s occurring all over New Zealand especially here in our community (Auckland). Us Aucklanders should be very proud and should take a lot of pride because we are like the 2nd capital of New Zealand. Therefore, a lot of tourists wanting to come visit New Zealand are likely to come Auckland and witness the beautiful sights and lights we have. This is an issue as we have the highest number of obese people in New Zealand. Do we really want our visitors leaving Auckland/New Zealand thinking that the people NewShow MoreRelatedThe Biology Behind Type 2 Diabetes Essay1895 Words   |  8 PagesWhy is Type-2 diabetes an issue in our community? ââ€"  What is the biology behind Type-2 Diabetes? ââ€"  Does adding a Healthier diet and Exercise plan to your daily lifestyle prevent you from getting Type-2 Diabetes? Diabetes itself is a major problem not only in our community but in the whole world including tiny New Zealand. ​The numbers of people diagnosed with Diabetes are over 240,000 and 100,000 do not know they have been diagnosed with Diabetes. The most common ethnic group to have Diabetes is MaoriRead MoreThe Biology Behind Type 2 Diabetes2358 Words   |  10 PagesDiabetes Q1 - Why is Type-2 diabetes and issue in our community Q2 - What is the biology behind Type-2 Diabetes? Q3 - Does Obesity cause diabetes? 2, Treat/Prevent 2, Opinion/Viewpoint Reliability Personal Opinion what they need to change Type 2 diabetes is A very prominent issue in our community, usually it is older people who get it, however it is becoming an increasing issue as younger children are getting it. â€Å" In 1996 approximately 81,000 people in New Zealand were known to have TypeRead MoreA Brief Note On Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity1493 Words   |  6 PagesMy Report is about, Type 2 Diabetes. I’ll be giving a short summary about what is type 2 diabetes and i will be giving others perspective and also my own. Im going to tell you the symptoms of type 2 diabetes .I’m going to show the three resources that I used. My main research question I’m doing is what is the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity? Also I’m researching on 2 other questions, what is the biology (science) behind Type-2 diabetes? And why is Type-2 diabetes an issue in our communityRead MoreHow Does Insulin Help Diabetes Be Controlled And How Has It Changed Over The Past Years?1091 Words   |  5 Pa gesdiagnosed with diabetes the health.govt.nz states. Diabetes is one of the many causes of death in New Zealand.The body has difficulties with trying to use and produce Insulin which is mainly the reason behind type 2 diabetics. There are 5 types of Insulin such as rapid-acting Insulin, short-acting Insulin, Intermediate-acting Insulin, long-acting Insulin and premixed Insulin. Insulin is one of the key things that help prevent the disease type 2 diabetes. So, is Insulin bad or good? Why is type 2 diabetesRead MoreThe Link Between Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesMy Research Question Is: What is the link between Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Additional Questions to be Answered: 1. Why is Type 2 Diabetes an issue in our Community 2. What is the biology (science) behind Type 2 Diabetes First let’s establish what diabetes is. Diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses Glucose, the main type of sugar in the blood. The body takes in and breaks down foods into glucose and others sugars that are needed to fuel the body functions. The Glucose level inRead MoreNature And Nurture Of Diabetes1178 Words   |  5 Pagesin Diabetes Diabetes is a rising problem in the world and has become one of the most dangerous diseases faced by the world. Diabetes is a sickness that individuals can acquire which makes the body not function properly because sugar is not metabolised properly (Stefanik-Sidener, 2013). This is a very serious medical issue because those who develop it can sometimes have it for a long time or even their whole lives. It has been found that 9% of the world’s population have some type of diabetes (HelgesonRead MoreEssay Molecular Insights into the Hormone Insulin1680 Words   |  7 PagesActive insulin is formed after specific peptidases â€Å"cleave† the proinsulin, and it is stored in granules that remain within the cytoplasm.4 As blood glucose concentrations rise, the pancreas is stimulated to release insulin into the bloodstream. Type 2 glucose transporters, GLUT2, regulate the entry of glucose into beta cells. The glucose is modified by a glucokinase enzyme and is metabolized to form ATP, energy molecules, through glycolysis. The increased ATP level in the cell causes potassiumRead MoreVegetarian And Vegan Diets On Type 2 Diabetes Management Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of cancers, my grandfather was a survivor of 3 drastically different types of cancer at varying times in his life,† the doctors believe that it was his vegan diet that helped him survive. By putting quality foods in your body you will get good out. This topic is important for future research and practices in the fight against cancer and other diseases. Barnard, Neal D., et al. Vegetarian And Vegan Diets In Type 2 Diabetes Management. Nutrition Reviews 67.5 (2009): 255-263. Academic Search CompleteRead MoreAre Infants More At Risk Of Developing Type 2 Diabetes? Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 1: Why is type two diabetes an issue in our community? Question 2: What is the biology (science) behind type-2 diabetes? Research question: Are premature babies more at risk of developing type-2 diabetes? There are 350 million sufferers of type-2 diabetes worldwide; New Zealand has the third highest rate of obesity and contributes to this concern. Type-2 diabetes is a concerning even more, its an increasing issue in our New Zealand community. In 2006 the Ministry of Social Development surveyedRead MoreThe Effects Of Alzheimer s And Dementia Among Elderly Populations1709 Words   |  7 PagesNeuropathologists at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island discovered in other research that insulin affects effective brain signalling across the neurons. Type 2 diabetes is associated with poor sensitivity to insulin. This had led some some researchers to suggest that Alzheimer’s disease may in fact be another type of diabetes (Trivedi, Bijal, 2012). Discussion: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the development of plaque or protein deposits in the brain, especially areas associated

The Death of Ivan Ilych Free Essays

The short story, â€Å"The Death of Ivan Ilych†, written by Leo Tolstoy, is about the reactions of a man and his friends to his suffering and death. Everyone who knows Ivan including Ivan himself has led a life of total disconcern for the feelings and sufferings of others. They all lead shallow lives not daring to probe into the feelings deep down inside for fear of stepping outside the lines of propriety. We will write a custom essay sample on The Death of Ivan Ilych or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is the biggest rule that people of that society follow. Do not say or show what you are thinking. Ivan Ilych’s attitude toward life is the same all the way up to his death. He was as the author put it, â€Å"†¦a capable, good-natured, and social man, though strict in the fulfillment of what he considered his duty: and he considered his duty to be what was so considered by those in authority. † (p. 1088) That quote states that Ivan was solely concerned with his duties and his advancement in position by following the orders of his authorities. Ivan was son of a successful man who held many positions in many departments. That man, Ilya Epimovich Golovin, had three sons. The oldest followed his father’s example and was a success. The youngest son was a total failure. He had blown many opportunities and was the shame of the family. Ivan the middle son was the better of the two. Ivan was a mix of his two brothers. He had the hard-working spirit of the older brother but also appreciates the value of a good time like the younger brother. Ivan’s career grew steadily. In a short time, he eventually obtained the position of examining magistrate. Ivan did very well in this position. He excelled in the separation of the personal duties in his life and the official duties to which he was totally dedicated. This taste of power which came with his new position was very appealing to Ivan. The idea that writing a few words or giving a simple command sent people into motion made Ivan very happy. Upon moving to a new town to take up the position of examining magistrate, Ivan met his future wife, Praskovya Fedorovna Mikhel. Ivan saw her as a â€Å"†¦well connected, and was a sweet, pretty, and thoroughly correct young woman. † The view that she was so within the lines of propriety was the most attractive feature which this young woman possessed in Ivan’s view. At first the marriage which Ivan thought couldn’t hurt his pleasure-seeking life didn’t, then according to Ivan she began to disturb the pleasure and propriety of his life. This ordeal only worsened when his wife became pregnant. She became unbearable to him, overly jealous and coarse, becoming an obstacle to his pursuit of happiness and properness. When the child was born, Ivan realized that a life totally separate his family life would be necessary to fulfill the goals he set for himself. He also came to the realization that to keep his marriage in order that he was going to have to adopt the same attitude to his family that he has to his official duties. Ivan developed an attitude towards his family of complete indifference as stated in the story, â€Å"He only required of it those conveniences—dinner at home, housewife, and bed—which it could give him. † (p. 1092) More children arrived and his wife’s attitude only worsened. After three years and becoming a highly looked upon official he received a promotion to the position of Assistant Public Prosecutor. This new promotion made Ivan like his job even more. Meanwhile, more children were born which made Ivan’s life even more difficult. After getting another promotion and moving to another province, the marriage was getting increasingly difficult. To try and overcome this Ivan decided to spend some time in the country with his wife. This move turns out to be a very bad one. Ivan falls into deep depression and decides that some drastic measures are needed. He returns from the country heading towards St. Petersburg with the objective of obtaining a salary of 5,000 rubles a year. Things worked out very much in his favor. He got a promotion two steps above his former position. After obtaining this position, he returned to the country and his marriage life improved immensely. Ivan then proceeded to the province to which they were moving to attempt to locate a house. He found one which suited his tastes perfectly. Ivan turned his attention towards furnishing his house. He searched for all the things which give his house an air of aristocracy and yet not too snobbish. While showing an upholsterer how he wanted the drapes hung, Ivan fell and nearly caught himself but unfortunately managed to hit himself in the side and give himself a large bruise. This is when the health problems begin. The illness began slowly but the pain steadily increased. Ivan visited many doctors, but none of them could give him a solid diagnosis. The pain caused many problems in his life, most of all it interfered with how he did his job. People began to look down upon him. No one really felt sympathy for Ivan. The people whom he called his friends treated him the same as he treated them in his life, with total indifference. Even Ivan’s own wife treated his illness as a burden and a trouble. He begins to realize how everyone is treating him. All that he wants is pity and there is no one there to give him it besides his servant Gerasim. Ivan shows spots of beginning to realize how he treated life. He treated life with the utmost propriety and tried his very best not to let his emotions get in the way of how he acted and performed his duty. This shows when Ivan says, â€Å"What if my whole life has really been wrong? †(p. 1117) Ivan says this while looking at Gerasim peacefully sleeping at his side, the only one who shows the slightest bit of pity and sorrow for him. Ivan’s wife is falsely concerned in his condition merely because that is the thing for her to be in this situation. She does not really care if he makes it; she is only worried about the inconvenience his suffering is putting her through and the financial bind his death puts her in. Ivan realizes all these things and cannot even bear to speak with her. He thinks to himself, â€Å"Yes, I am making them wretched†¦They are sorry, but it will be better for them when I die. † (p. 1119) All of these things lead up to the conclusion in Ivan’s mind that he is sorry for them. He is trying to act so as not to hurt them. In the final scene someone besides his servant, Gerasim, begins to show pity for him, it is his son. Ivan sees the sorrow and pity in his eyes and apologizes to him for causing this grief. With this story, Leo Tolstoy shows that a man can change. That even if it must be through pain and suffering that everyone is capable of redemption. If a man such as Ivan Ilych who never cared for anyone more than necessary can be redeemed and see the fault in his ways then anyone can. The most selfish man can be changed if people show him pity and feel for him, as he should feel for others. It stirred something inside Ivan when people went out of their way to attempt to comfort him. It made him realize his faults and want to change. How to cite The Death of Ivan Ilych, Essay examples

Primary health care Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Primary Health Care. Answer: Primary health care (PHC) is the first point of contact of patients and their family members with the health care system. PHC is based on sound scientific knowledge and application of technology to make health services affordable to all sections of the community. It plays a role in healthy equity by incorporating personal care with health promotion to prevent diseases and facilitate development of the community. Hence, PHC is a universally accessible first level of health care provided by a multi-disciplinary health care team and they interconnect principles of equity, access and empowerment to provide care to sick person (Primary health care, 2017). Government is highly focusing on PHC as a new health care delivery model to improve access to service delivery for people living in rural and remote areas. Enhancing service access through innovative models of PHC helps to achieve the goal of health equity and affordable health care for all (Wakerman et al., 2008). Nurses play a critical role in dealing with the accessibility problem within the primary health care system. Their role has evolved due to changes in the health needs of the Australian communities due to ageing population. This caused additional pressure and demand on health care resource with problem in shortage of PHC workforce too. Nurses engage in integrated practice to reform the PHC health system (Nursing in primary health care, 2017).The main purpose of the essay is to comprehensively analyze the key principle of PHC and identify its relation with the role of geriatric nurse in these settings. Professional role of geriatric nurse Due to better standards of living and accessibility to high quality health care, life expectancy of people is increasing. The number of people above 65 years is increasing in Australia and it increased to 3.4 million in the year 2014 (AIHW, 2017). With the rise in ageing population, it will be a challenge for the health care system to respond to the health needs of older people. The geriatric care nurse in PHC setting plays a role in specially focusing on the health needs of older adults. They have the nursing skills and knowledge to understand the complex physical and mental health needs of older people in the community. Nurses involved in geriatric care works to promote independence of older people by caring for them and teaching them coping skills to manage mental and physical disabilities. Geriatric nurses in PHC receives the core competency training for older adult care and by their professional responsibility, they work to fulfill the core principles of PHC (Wold, 2013). As age ing population is a burden for the health care system and the community, the geriatric nurse establishes health equity by resolving the community problem related to ageing population. Principle of PHC The main principle of PHC is accessible health care, appropriate technology, health promotion, cultural sensitivity, intersectoral collaboration and community participation (Macdonald, 2013). This reflects that PHC provides a new approach to conceptualizing and planning health care. The role of each principle in relation to its positive health outcome and the contribution of the geriatric nurse in fulfilling it is explained in detail below: Accessible health care The first principle of PHC is to facilitate and implement strategy of equitable distribution of health services. This is achieved by providing equal access to health service to all people in the community. The four important components of accessible health care is appropriate coverage, services, timeliness and workforce. Improvement in all this area will facilitate timely use of health service. It will lead to increase in the quality of care and achievement of the best possible health outcome. The overall impact of access to health care is improvement in quality of life, life expectancy and physical, social and mental health status of people. This step has helped PHC to prevent disease by means of early diagnosis and treatment for health condition (Access to Health Services | Healthy People 2020, 2017). According to the principle of primary health care, gerontology nurse specialists have a role in care coordination and service-integration for at-risk older people. Therefore, the geriatric nurse works to specially provide adequate care to older people. A geriatric nurse working with older patients has the responsibility to assess mental and cognitive skills, identify chronic health issues, discuss risk to health such as incontinence or fall risk, manage their medications, educate them about personal safety and ensure adherence to treatment (Pierre Conley, 2017). In accordance with the PHCs principle of coordination, they also establishes link of patients with local resources to effectively manage their health care regimen and need of special equipment during care. Appropriate technology The second principle is related to the provisions of appropriate technology where PHC uses scientifically sound technologies to adapt to local needs. PHC achieves this by means of applying and using appropriate technology to respond to local needs of the community and extend the provision of essential technologies for health (Valentijn et al., 2013). Similar tools and technology is also available to geriatric nurses to conduct comprehensive health assessment of older people. In some case, ambulatory assessment is done to gain idea about quality of life activities and risk of fall in older patients. As fall is the leading cause of disability, multi-factorial interventions such as medication management, physical training, removal of fall risk factors around the environment of patients is necessary. Van Schooten et al., (2015) showed that fall-risk assessment done by means of Timed-Up and Go test or the Berg Balance Scale to evaluate gait dynamics of patients. By the use of these tools, nurses gathers information about gait characteristics of patients and eliminate fall-risk factor by modifying the environment and providing adequate support to patients at risk of fall. In many fall prevention interventions, physical activity is also encourages to maximize the capacity of geriatric client. Health promotion PHC is increasingly involved in decreasing the burden of chronic disease by means of health promotion and management strategies within health care system. WHO also recognizes the critical role of PHC centre in maintaining health of older people and increasing accessibility of health care to older population (Older people and Primary Health Care (PHC), 2017). Hence, in accordance with the goal of community health and development, geriatric nurses manage and negotiate within the health care delivery system to take care of geriatric clients. The solution to challenges in this area is proposed by means of collaborative teamwork approach. Kneafsey, Clifford and Greenfield, (2013) shows the nursing team involvement in promoting mobility of hospitalized older adults. As the ability to mobilize is an important determinant of the quality of life, targeting in-patient intervention to maintain mobility is important. In such condition, nursing team carry their responsibility in collaboration wit h physiotherapist and hospitals policy on safety of patients. This showed that rehabilitation goal of nurse mainly focus on preventing patient health problems and evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention. This is true to the PHCs requirement of health promotion within the community. Primary health care is increasingly advocating for older people. Their focus on this group of the community is seen because majority of older adults reside in countries that are not prepared to confront the challenges of ageing population. Although longevity reflects success of public health, however large proportion of older adults also increases the risk of more than one chronic disease in an individual (Older people and Primary Health Care (PHC), 2017). Hence, PHC tries to reduce this public health burden by recruitment of competent geriatric nurses in clinical setting. Cultural sensitivity According to the principle of cultural sensitivity, workforce of PHC is encouraged to bridge the gap in cultural barrier to health service. This is achieved by means of education on cultural beliefs and practices of culturally diverse people. The health care staffs attitude regarding respecting the cultural beliefs of patients in the delivery of care has a positive impact on patient health. PHC has worked to examine and address language and cultural barriers in care. Several cultural awareness program and language accessing services has been provided to encourage staff to deliver culturally appropriate care (Betancourt et al., 2016). Nurses provide culturally appropriate geriatric care by means of respecting patients cultural values and integrating nursing intervention with individual values and beliefs. Commitment to ongoing education regarding cultural values is essential to communicate with patients and peers. Secondly, intense introspection and reflection regarding cultural consideration is done by geriatric nurse to engage in transparent communication with patient. Cultural competence is also given special attention in health care policies. Hence, health care organization has made it necessary for gerentological nurse to understand and elicit the beliefs, attitudes and goals of older adults to provide culturally appropriate care (Role- Gerontological Rehab Nurse | role, 2017). Intersectoral collaboration The fifth principle according to the Alma-Ata declaration is that PHC is involved in coordination and cooperation with other sectors of community development such as agriculture, food, education and housing. Geriatric nurses integrate the knowledge and experience in gerontology to deliver safe and effective quality care to patients in PHC setting. It is the professional responsibility of geriatric nurses to conduct assessment to examine the health status of geriatric clients. Common form of assessment includes physical assessment of head, neck, face, integumentary system and musco-skeletal system. Secondly, fall risk assessment is an important part of assessment to assess risk of fall and level of independence in ADLs (activities of daily living). This form of comprehensive geriatric assessment also helps to identify frailty index in people to estimate risk of death and need for support during mobility and ADLs (Partridge et al., 2014). Based on this assessment, nurses develop an effective care plan for older adults and direct them to different support services. This professional action of geriatric nurses reflects their role in inter-sectoral coordination to promote community health and development. Community participation Finally, community participation is essential as overall PHC coverage will not be achieved unless the community is involved in planning and maintenance of health care. While working in primary care setting, geriatric nurse demonstrate competence in their role by means of reflecting on the care process and understanding the recent trends in ageing. This promotes advocacy in care by following professional standards in care and delivering ethically safe care (Naylor Kurtzman, 2010). Hence, as disability is a major problem in older adults, geriatric nurse works to promote mobility in older people to address the challenges of the ageing population. As part of universal health coverage, intervention promotes mobility in community dwelling older adults and improve their quality of living. 60% of hospital admission is for adults above 65 years of age. Hospitalized patients are mostly have negative outcome such as falls, delirium, mobility dependence and loss in ADLs. Nurses play a vital role in promoting their ability to walk by incorporating ambulation as a priority in the standards of care. They consider various factors while planning ambulation for older patients. Some of the factors influencing their decision-making on level of mobilization for individual patients includes purpose of mobilization, risk/ opportunity assessment and hospital trajectory (Doherty-King Bowers, 2011). Hence, their main intention is to promote complications in older adults at all time and through their professional responsibility, they contribute to fulfilling the objectives of PHC. From the analysis of the professional role of geriatric nurse, it is understood that they also play a critical role in promoting health equity and positive health of the community. Their professional responsibility in accordance with the principle of PHC helps to promote health and well-being of the older population. They contribute to reducing the burden of health care by identifying and treating chronic diseases in older patients and providing multi-factorial intervention to promote health and well-being of the ageing population. References Access to Health Services | Healthy People 2020. (2017).Healthypeople.gov. Retrieved 12 May 2017, from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Access-to-Health-Services AIHW. (2017).Ageing (AIHW). [online] Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/ageing/ [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Betancourt, J. R., Green, A. R., Carrillo, J. E., Owusu Ananeh-Firempong, I. I. (2016). Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care.Public health reports. Doherty-King, B., Bowers, B. (2011). How nurses decide to ambulate hospitalized older adults: development of a conceptual model.The Gerontologist, gnr044. Kneafsey, R., Clifford, C., Greenfield, S. (2013). What is the nursing team involvement in maintaining and promoting the mobility of older adults in hospital? A grounded theory study.International journal of nursing studies,50(12), 1617-1629. Macdonald, J. J. (2013).Primary health care: medicine in its place. Routledge. Naylor, M. D., Kurtzman, E. T. (2010). The role of nurse practitioners in reinventing primary care.Health Affairs,29(5), 893-899. Nursing in primary health care. (2017).Phcris.org.au. Retrieved 12 May 2017, from https://www.phcris.org.au/guides/nursing_and_phc.php Older people and Primary Health Care (PHC). (2017).World Health Organization. Retrieved 9 May 2017, from https://www.who.int/ageing/primary_health_care/en/ Partridge, J. S. L., Harari, D., Martin, F. C., Dhesi, J. K. (2014). The impact of pre?operative comprehensive geriatric assessment on postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing scheduled surgery: a systematic review.Anaesthesia,69(s1), 8-16. Pierre, J. S., Conley, D. M. (2017). Introduction to gerontological nursing.Gerontological Nursing: Competencies for Care, 1. Primary health care. (2017).Introduction to primary health care [online] Available at: https://www.phcris.org.au/guides/about_phc.php [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Role- Gerontological Rehab Nurse | role. (2017).Rehabnurse.org. Retrieved 12 May 2017, from https://www.rehabnurse.org/pubs/role/Role-Gerontological-Rehab-Nurse.html Valentijn, P. P., Schepman, S. M., Opheij, W., Bruijnzeels, M. A. (2013). Understanding integrated care: a comprehensive conceptual framework based on the integrative functions of primary care.International Journal of Integrated Care,13(1), 655-679. van Schooten, K. S., Pijnappels, M., Rispens, S. M., Elders, P. J., Lips, P., van Dien, J. H. (2015). Ambulatory fall-risk assessment: amount and quality of daily-life gait predict falls in older adults.The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences,70(5), 608-615. Wakerman, J., Humphreys, J. S., Wells, R., Kuipers, P., Entwistle, P., Jones, J. (2008). Primary health care delivery models in rural and remote Australiaa systematic review.BMC Health Services Research,8(1), 276. Wold, G. H. (2013).Basic geriatric nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences.